UNjingalwazi uMichael le Cordeur
Kutshanje, kukho iingxelo ezininzi malunga nesimo sengqondo sokungakhathali kwabantu bebala ngesiBhulu, nangona lelona qela likhulu labantetho isisiBhulu. Le yindlela intatheli kunye noluvo owayesakuba nguTim du Plessis abhala ngayo kwiRapport (27.08.17) ukuba “abantu bebala ngoku babambe ikamva lesiBhulu ezandleni zabo”. Umhlalutyi uHeindrich Wyngaard uyabuza “Kutheni abantu bebala bezolile nje?” (Ingxelo, 21.01.18) kulandela ukuthi cwaka kwabantu bebala emva kwesigwebo seenkundla malunga nenqanaba lolwimi kwiYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch naseFreystata. Intatheli nombhali-mbali uLeopold Scholtz (25.01.18) uphendula ngelithi: “… ngumama wethu wonke owagwetyelwa ukufa okucothayo kwinkundla yomgaqo-siseko kwaye kufuneka sonke singenelele ukumsindisa.”
Uyabukhanyela ubuAfrikaans bomntu
Ngaphambili, ngakumbi ngexesha localucalulo, ubuBhulu babantu abantsundu nabantsundu babukhatywa. Namhlanje iyaziwa into yokuba uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika abanesiBhulu njengolwimi lwabo lweenkobe abamhlophe, koko bantsundu; (naye mnyama). Ngaphezu kwe-51% yabo bonke abathetha isiBhulu baphuma kwiqela elihlelwa njengabebala phantsi kocalucalulo. Eli gama liyakhatywa leli qela labantu namhlanje. Uninzi lwethu lufuna ukwaziwa njengabemi boMzantsi Afrika abantetho isisiBhulu.
Namhlanje iyaziwa into yokuba uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika abanesiBhulu njengolwimi lwabo lweenkobe abamhlophe, koko bantsundu.
Ngalo lonke ixesha amanani abantu abantetho isisiBhulu abebala atsalwa ecaleni xa kukho umntu ofuna ukubonisa ubungqina bengxoxo exhasa isiBhulu. Ngethuba uMphathiswa wezeMfundo eRhawutini wabhengeza ukuba izikolo zesiBhulu ziza kutshintshela kwisiNgesi, bambi bakhawuleza bachaza ukuba uninzi lwamabala athetha isiBhulu kunabamhlophe. Sisoloko sive ukuba iStellenbosch ayinabuganga bokubuncama ubuBhulu bayo kuba lulwimi lwasekhaya lwabafundi abaninzi bebala.
Kodwa yaqala phi yonke le nto?
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi So we get Afrikaans ethetha ngophando lwamva nje ngemvelaphi yesiBhulu, uNjingalwazi Christo van Rensburg ubalula ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zesiBhulu zazisele zikhona ngo-1500. Kudala kakhulu phambi kokuba umDatshi uJan van Riebeeck afike eKapa. Ndingathanda ukumcaphula: “AmaKhoi-Khoin ahlala kwisiqingatha seYurophu neMpuma. Oomatiloshe baseYurophu babedla ngokuyishiya iYurophu besiya eMpuma. Iziqholo ezinqabileyo nezinye izinto kwafuneka zihanjiswe ukusuka apho ukuya eYurophu. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokuphumla eKoloni, uhambo lwalulude ngokungenabuntu kwaye luyingozi. Abantu abaninzi bagula baza bafa. Ukutya, inyama entsha kunye namanzi zafunyanwa kuma Khoi-Khoin awayengabemi bokuqala baseKapa. Oku kwafuneka kuxoxwe-kwaye ke ulwimi lwazalwa ngokuzenzekelayo. ”
Emva kokufika kuka Jan van Riebeeck kunye namaDatshi, uphuhliso olukhulu lwenzeka. Wawumkhulu umsebenzi, kwaye izandla zimbalwa. Amakhoboka ayengeniswa kumazwe angaphandle ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ukusuka eMpuma ngakumbi iIndonesia, iJava kunye neBatavia. Amafama aseYurophu, abizwa ngokuba zii-Vryburgers, eze eKapa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu apho i-United East India Company (amagosa amaDatshi) yabanika umhlaba. Abahlali bama Khoi baqeshelwe ukulima ezi fama. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kokufika kukaJan van Riebeeck, kwakukho amaqela amane eKapa: (1) amagosa amaDatshi aseYurophu, (2) amakhoboka akhululekileyo, (3) amakhoboka asuka eMpuma kunye (4) namaKhoi-Khoin asekuhlaleni. La maqela mane ayexhomekeke kwelinye ukuze aqhubeke ephila. Ukuze kubekho ukuhlalisana ngempumelelo, amaqela amane eKoloni kwafuneka afune ulwimi. Olo lwimi yayisisiBhulu.
Amaqela amathathu abantetho isisiBhulu
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, la mazwi alandelayo kaNP van Wyk Louw abekwe kwisiseko seSikhumbuzo soLwimi lwesiBhulu ePaarlberg: “IsiBhulu lulwimi oludibanisa iNtshona Yurophu neAfrika; iwatsala amandla ayo kule mithombo mibini; yenza ibhulorho phakathi kweNtshona enkulu eqaqambileyo kunye neAfrika yomlingo – ngamanye amaxesha ide ingabonakali iAfrika; omabini angamandla amakhulu, kwaye yintoni enokuvela enkulu kubudlelwane babo-mhlawumbi yinto elindele ukuba isiBhulu siyifumane. IsiBhulu ikwalulwimi oludibanisa iMpuma neNtshona apha kwincam esemazantsi eAfrika. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iTaalmonument ineentsika ezintathu: ezimbini ezincinci, zaseNtshona (iYurophu) kunye neMpuma kunye nentsika enkulu ibonisa i-Afrikaans element. Ulwimi olusuka emazantsi eAfrika nawo onke amagama alo athatyathwe kwiilwimi zesiNtu njengeKhoi. Namhlanje, abemi boMzantsi Afrika basenazo iimpawu zala maqela mathathu: abelungu basuka eYurophu, abebala baseMpuma kunye nabantu abamnyama baseAfrika. Wonke umntu uthetha isiBhulu.
Omnye wabambalwa kuphela
Ndivumele ndizazise: Ndamkelwa ndaza ndazalwa ngesiBhulu. Abazali bam (uMichael snr. NoSylvia) bobabini basathetha isiBhulu esiqhelekileyo. UTamkhulu uWillie, ukuba ebesaphila, ebeza kuba neminyaka eyi-105 kulo nyaka, uzelwe esiBhulu kwaye engomnye wabafundi bematriki abathandathu bokuqala (isiBhulu) eBergrivier High School eWellington. Kwakweso sikolo ndandifunda kuso. Ngokungafaniyo noninzi lwabantu bexesha lam elimdaka, ndakhulisa abantwana bam ngesiBhulu ndaza ndabathumela kwisikolo sasekuhlaleni sesiBhulu. Ngenxa yemisebenzi emininzi yethutyana (kuba i-bursary karhulumente yayihlawula imali yokufunda kuphela) ndiye ndakwazi ukufunda e-UWC ndaza ndaba ngutitshala wesiBhulu. Ndazibandakanya nemibutho yabasebenzi besiBhulu kwasebuntwaneni kwaye nanamhlanje ndisazibandakanya nemibutho yesiBhulu. Ukanti alikho iziko lesiBhulu elizimisele ukundinika imali yokufunda kwizifundo zam zobugqirha kwimfundo yesi-Afrikansi. Kwaphuma yonke ipeni epokothweni yam. Ndinika le mvelaphi ineenkcukacha ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho mntu unokuluthandabuza uthando nothando lwam lwesiBhulu okanye andikrokrele ukuba ndiyasilahla isiBhulu malunga nalento ndiza kuyithetha ngoku.
Ngokoluvo lwam, asiyonyani kwaphela into yokuba abebala ‘bathe cwaka’ ngesiBhulu. Ndabhala kwiDie Burger kwiminyaka engama-26 eyadlulayo “Ukugcinwa kwesiBhulu kufuna indlela entsha esikolweni” (DB, 21 May 1992). Kwaye emva konyaka ndibhala ukuba “ikamva lesiBhulu kudala labonakala liqinisekile njengoko lisenza ngoku” (DB, 23 July 1993). Ukususela ngoko, amanqaku angaphezu kwama-250 angesiBhulu nothando lwam ngolwimi aye avela kusiba lwam (Ngoku ngoku ngumama wam oneminyaka engama-80 ubudala othe wasika waza wawafaka ngocoselelo onke amanqaku am kule minyaka ingama-26 idlulileyo.) Ndiyichazile imeko yesiBhulu phantse kuwo onke amaphephandaba nemagazini yemihla ngemihla yesi-Afrikansi; nakwiimpapasho zesiNgesi nesiDatshi. Namhlanje ndingomnye wezifundiswa zaseStellenbosch ezimbalwa ezisabhalayo nezipapashayo ngesiBhulu. Kwakhona ayindim ndedwa umntu webala othanda isiBhulu. Jonga nje iingxelo ezininzi zoogxa bebala kumajelo onxibelelwano: Yonke into ngesiBhulu esihle. Umbuzo ke ngoko ngulo:
Kutheni abantu bebala ngaphandle kwengxoxo yesiBhulu
Okokuqala, ndikholelwa ukuba abantu bebala bafumana ukuvezwa okuncinci kumajelo eendaba. Amanqaku abawabhalayo awamkelwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko ethunyelwa ukuba apapashwe. Ngenxa yokuba inkoliso yeembono zabebala ngesiBhulu zahlukile kwezo ziqhelekileyo, uluvo lwabo alunakwa. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ndizive ndingenamdla wokuba Yintoni encedayo? Isizathu sesibini esibangela ukuba abebala bakulumkele ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo zolwimi kukuba abantu bebala ngokwemvelo abayithandi inkathazo. Le yintsalela yelifa labo lamakhoboka xa bafundiswa ukuba bavale imilomo yabo kwaye benze oko ‘umphathi’ akutshoyo. Yiyo loo nto bathi cwaka phantsi kocalucalulo ixesha elide. Kwanaxa ulutsha lwabebala lwathabatha inyathelo lokuqala ngowe-1976, ngokufuthi sasiva oku: “Umele uphume engxakini. Isizathu sesithathu nesisemthethweni sokungabandakanyeki kwabantu bebala kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ngolwimi kumzabalazo wabo wokuphila. Zininzi ke ezinye iingxaki ezinje ngentlupheko, imfundo, ukhuseleko nomba wemigulukudu kwabebala. Uninzi lwabantu abantsundu eyona nto iphambili kukubeka ukutya etafileni. Uninzi lwabantu abamhlophe alusiqondi isizathu sokuba elona qela likhulu labantetho isisiBhulu lingafuni ukuthatha izixhobo ngesiBhulu nalo. Kwelinye icala, abebala abasiqondi isizathu sokuba abantu abamhlophe bahlale befuna ukulwa nolwimi. Ngeli xesha, abantu abamhlophe abakhathali ngemfazwe yokwenyani yamaqela emigulukudu eCape Flats. Uninzi lwabantu abantsundu eyona nto iphambili kukubeka ukutya etafileni. Uninzi lwabantu abamhlophe alusiqondi isizathu sokuba elona qela likhulu labantetho isisiBhulu lingafuni ukuthatha izixhobo ngesiBhulu nalo. Kwelinye icala, abebala abasiqondi isizathu sokuba abantu abamhlophe bahlale befuna ukulwa nolwimi. Ngeli xesha, abantu abamhlophe abakhathali ngemfazwe yokwenyani yamaqela emigulukudu eCape Flats. Uninzi lwabantu abantsundu eyona nto iphambili kukubeka ukutya etafileni. Uninzi lwabantu abamhlophe alusiqondi isizathu sokuba elona qela likhulu labantetho isisiBhulu lingafuni ukuthatha izixhobo ngesiBhulu nalo. Kwelinye icala, abebala abasiqondi isizathu sokuba abantu abamhlophe bahlale befuna ukulwa nolwimi. Ngeli xesha, abantu abamhlophe abakhathali ngemfazwe yokwenyani yamaqela emigulukudu eCape Flats.
Isi-Afrikaans nesiNgesi
Umgaqo-nkqubo wocalucalulo worhulumente wocalucalulo wokudibanisa wonke umntu ongengomhlophe okanye ongengomnyama phantsi kwesithuko sebala uye wakhuthaza abantu bebala ukuba baguqule into embi kangaka ibe yeyakhayo. AmaKhoi namaSan, amaGriqua namaSilamsi namaIndiya afumene indlela yokuhlala kunye ngexeshana nje elifutshane. Bafunda imikhwa, imilinganiselo, inkolo kunye nolwimi lomnye nomnye. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwabantu bebala bekhululekile ngokulinganayo kwisiBhulu saseKapa njengesiBhulu esiMiselweyo. Kananjalo nesiBhulu nesiNgesi, kuba sikhule ngazo zombini ezi lwimi. Njengoko uJo-Anne Floris ebhala: “IsiBhulu kunye nesiNgesi bezisoloko zibambene ngezandla kwaye zidlala ngokukhululekileyo”, (DB: 14.02.2018). Elinye icala losapho yayingamaNgesi eDistrict Six (umama) kanti elinye yayingamaBhulu aseBoland (ubawo). Yiyo lonto abantu bebala unanamhla bengasathethi ngomalume nomalumekazi, koko bathetha ngomakazi uSonie nomalume uMike. Ngoko ukuchasa isiNgesi kukucalula ulwimi lwelungu losapho lwakho. Kwaye kwakukho (kukho) i-elite emdaka phakathi kwethu. Abo babandakanyeka kwezopolitiko. Owathiya yonke into ngorhulumente wocalucalulo. Nto leyo ibikhuthaza abantu ukuba bangabinanto yokwenza ‘nabalimi’. Oku kuquka imidlalo nolwimi. Abantwana babo bakhuliswe ngesiNgesi. Ukwaywa kwezemidlalo ngexesha localucalulo kwakuqhutywa kakhulu ngesiNgesi. Iintlanganiso nemizuzu yayiqhutywa ngesiNgesi (nangona sasithetha isiBhulu kuphela ngexesha lekhefu). IsiBhulu sibhengezwe njengolwimi lomcinezeli. Nabani na owayefuna ukusondelelana nemidlalo yesiBhulu neyabamhlophe wayenyeliswa yaye ejongelwa phantsi. Aba bantu bebala abalibalanga ukuba abantu abantetho isisiBhulu abamhlophe bazingcatsha ngeelwimi zabo. Ama-Afrikaner Natte (= amalungu e-National Party) ahlutha abantu bebala ilungelo labo lokuvota ngeminyaka yoo-1950 asemtsha kwinkumbulo. Aba bantu bakholelwa ukuba abebala baqondwa kuphela xa amanani abo eza kusindisa abantu abamhlophe kunye nolwimi lwabo. Ukongeza koku, amaAfrikaner nationalist aye enza izinto ezininzi zokungekho sikweni kwintsapho yabebala, aza agqala isiBhulu njengelifa lawo, nangona abebala babenegalelo elilinganayo kuphuhliso lwesiBhulu, yaye iyaqondakala into yokuba abebala bayijonge ngephanyazo le ndlela yokuphumelela. ngokukrokra kwaye ngaphandle nje abambalwa abasayi kuze bazive befana ngesiBhulu njengoontanga babo abathetha ulwimi olumhlophe. Ama-Afrikaner Natte (= amalungu e-National Party) ahlutha abantu bebala ilungelo labo lokuvota ngeminyaka yoo-1950 asemtsha kwinkumbulo. Aba bantu bakholelwa ukuba abebala baqondwa kuphela xa amanani abo eza kusindisa abantu abamhlophe kunye nolwimi lwabo. Ukongeza koku, amaAfrikaner nationalist aye enza izinto ezininzi zokungekho sikweni kwintsapho yabebala, aza agqala isiBhulu njengelifa lawo, nangona abebala babenegalelo elilinganayo kuphuhliso lwesiBhulu, yaye iyaqondakala into yokuba abebala bayijonge ngephanyazo le ndlela yokuphumelela. ngokukrokra kwaye ngaphandle nje abambalwa abasayi kuze bazive befana ngesiBhulu njengoontanga babo abathetha ulwimi olumhlophe. Ama-Afrikaner Natte (= amalungu e-National Party) ahlutha abantu bebala ilungelo labo lokuvota ngeminyaka yoo-1950 asemtsha kwinkumbulo. Aba bantu bakholelwa ukuba abebala baqondwa kuphela xa amanani abo eza kusindisa abantu abamhlophe kunye nolwimi lwabo. Ukongeza koku, amaAfrikaner nationalist aye enza izinto ezininzi zokungekho sikweni kwintsapho yabebala, aza agqala isiBhulu njengelifa lawo, nangona abebala babenegalelo elilinganayo kuphuhliso lwesiBhulu, yaye iyaqondakala into yokuba abebala bayijonge ngephanyazo le ndlela yokuphumelela. ngokukrokra kwaye ngaphandle nje abambalwa abasayi kuze bazive befana ngesiBhulu njengoontanga babo abathetha ulwimi olumhlophe.
Senza ntoni ke ngaloo nto?
Sinokuqala ngokuhlonela iimvakalelo zabantu bebala ngaphezu kokuba bekunjalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Abantu bebala nabo kufuneka baqale kwicala labo ukuphendula ngendlela eyakhayo kolu nxibelelwano. Uninzi lwezi zenzo zokufikelela zijongwe ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ziphuma kwintliziyo elungileyo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu eyadlulayo kwafuneka ndoyise uloyiko lwam kwaye ndiwele irubicon yengqondo eyandigcina ndingenzi nto kwaye ndisisimumu iminyaka. “Iya esihogweni nabo bafuna ukundidelela ngokuzingca ngesiBhulu,” ndagqiba kwelokuba. Ndifuna ukuba nethemba lokuba ndiza kukhuthaza namanye amaBhulu abebala ukuba enze okufanayo. Abantu abakhulu abangena kwiLizwe Ledinga ngowe-1994 baxakeke ziingxabano zabo, ukruthakruthwano olungapheliyo, neengxoxo zabo ezifihlakeleyo. Uxanduva olusemagxeni ethu ke ngoko lungaphezulu kakhulu kunekamva lesiBhulu kuphela. Ifuna intlonipho kuzo zonke iilwimi. Kaloku kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo lwesizwe, wonke umntu oncedisa ngokwenene ekwakheni uMzantsi Afrika omtsha kudala eqonda ukuba ikamva lethu leleelwimi ezininzi. Ulutsha luka-2018 luhlala ecaleni kwaye lunxibelelana ngeelwimi ezininzi – ngokungafaniyo nathi ngaphambi ko-1994.
Emva koku kuya kufuneka ukuba intetho yolwimi siyiqhubele kwelinye icala. Endaweni yokuba sibambeke kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yesiBhulu okanye isiNgesi, kuya kufuneka singqine ngaphezu kokuthetha nje ngomlomo kwiilwimi zenkobe zelizwe lethu. Ngale ndlela, ikamva loMzantsi Afrika liya kufumana intlonipho kwiilwimi zomnye kwaye ngenxa yoko nakwabanye. Ifuna amanyathelo amatsha kunye nokucinga okunobuchule. Endaweni yokuba sizikhubaze ngokucinga ngeempazamo zethu zexesha elidlulileyo, sinokusebenzisa amandla amancinane esinawo ukuxhobisa abantu abatsha ngezakhono zokuvala indawo yabo kuMzantsi Afrika omtsha. Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi. Nakubeni thina sithetha isiBhulu kufuneka siqhubeleke nokukhuthaza isiBhulu, kufuneka singamfameki kwaye singayithatheli ngqalelo indima yokulinganisa isiNgesi ingakumbi iilwimi zethu zesintu ezinokuthi ziyidlale kumhlaba ongalinganiyo.
